This is the study of discourse, or language used by members of a apecific speech community / communities. Discourse Analysis looks at both language form and function, and includes the study of both spoken interaction and written texts.
Cataphoric Reference: A cataphoric reference unit refers to another unit that is introduced later on in the text/speech. To understand the unit refered to by a cataphoric reference you would need to look ahead in the text/speech. Anaphoric Reference: An anaphoric reference unit, on the other hand, refers to another unit that was introduced earlier on in the text/speech. To understand the unit...
Given information is information that is assumed by the addresser to be known to/assumed by/inferable by the addresser at the time of the utterance because it is: i. common/shared knowledge ii. part of the extralinguistic context iii. previously established in the discourse Given information is usually: i. placed early in a sentence ii. spoken with little stress iii. often reduced, abbreviated or...
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